Kahlil Gibran Collective

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Lebsir Mohamed & Louiza Akram, "Misinterpretation in Literary Translation in Gibran Khalil Gibran’s The Prophet", The University 8 Mai 1945 (Algeria), 2016.  _______
Lebsir Mohamed & Louiza Akram, "Misinterpretation in Literary Translation in Gibran Khalil Gibran’s The Prophet", The University 8 Mai 1945 (Algeria), 2016. 
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This study aimed at investigating the difficulties that translators who deal with the English and Arabic language may face when translating literary expressions. Particularly, it aimed at answering the following questions: 1. What are the main difficulties, related to translation that may lead the translator to misinterpret the source text (English) into (Arabic)? 2. What are the elements that should be taken into consideration to translate, interpret adequately from ST to TT? To achieve the goal of this study, the researcher selected The Prophet by Gibran Khalil Gibran translated work from English to Arabic following the two translations by Tharwat Okasha and Antonious Bachir. The researcher focused on two key elements which are subjectivity and equivalence taking into account many odd elements that are mainly related to literary works such as cultural aspects and linguistic as well as extra-linguistic features of the language. The results show that in order to avoid misinterpreting the source text, the translator has to carefully select the equivalent words and expressions taking into account all aspects of the source language as well as being objective while translating. Adequate literary translation must bring an equivalent and objective production of the source text’s style, meaning, and sometimes structure. Otherwise, the subjective and distinctive literary use in the original text will not transmit the three aspects in the target text.
 
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Lee Dunn, "The Expression of Experience: An Interview with Kahlil Gibran", The South End Historical Society, Boston, Massachusetts, Vol. 25. No. 2, Spring 1996, pp. 4-5,8.
Lee Dunn, "The Expression of Experience: An Interview with Kahlil Gibran", The South End Historical Society, Boston, Massachusetts, Vol. 25. No. 2, Spring 1996, pp. 4-5,8.
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Leonardo Petrocelli, "La modernità dei poeti arabi nell'America agli inizi del Novecento", La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno, Feb 8, 2016, p. 15 (review)

Leonardo Petrocelli, "La modernità dei poeti arabi nell'America agli inizi del Novecento", La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno, Feb 8, 2016, p. 15 (review) 

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Letter from Ameen Rihani to Yusuf Huwayyik (July 20, 1910)
Letter from Ameen Rihani to Yusuf Huwayyik (July 20, 1910) 
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Ameen Rihani comments on Yusuf Huwayyik's book on Gibran.
Source: Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies/Ameen Rihani Organization
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Letter from Kahlil Gibran to the President of the Syrian American Club of Boston, 07-28-1916 (draft).

Letter from Kahlil Gibran to the President of the Syrian American Club of Boston, 07-28-1916 (draft).

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Letter of Barbara Young to Mr. Isham (and a sketch by Gibran), New York City, 26th April 1931.
Letter of Barbara Young to Mr. Isham (and a sketch by Gibran), New York City, 26th April 1931.
 
Young states 'You have been many times in my thoughts since the hour you spent with the great pictures in the Studio' and continues 'All that is now over. We are sailing May 4th for England, then the continent and eventually Syria. The pictures will go almost intact to Beshari', adding that some will remain in the Metropolitan Museum in New York. Young further adds 'I am sending you a sketch which Gibran once sent me in a letter - and was therefore by his own hand. This is my recognition of your beautiful understanding of his work.' 
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Letter of Gibran to Cecilia Beaux (c. 1917)
Letter of Gibran to Cecilia Beaux (c. 1917)
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Cecilia Beaux (May 1, 1855 – September 17, 1942) was an American society portraitist, in the manner of John Singer Sargent. She was a near-contemporary of American artist Mary Cassatt and also received her training in Philadelphia and France. Her sympathetic renderings of the American ruling class made her one of the most successful portrait painters of her era.
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Letter of Kahlil Gibran (Unknown Recipients, Undated)

Letter of Kahlil Gibran (Unknown Recipients, Undated)

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Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Carolus Verhulst, 10 May 1927

Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Carolus Verhulst, 10 May 1927

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In 1921, Carolus Verhulst (1900-1985), at that time 21 years old, founded the bookstore/publishing company Servire in The Hague, NL. The name Servire is an allusion to Verhulst's wish that his publishing company would be subservient to humanity. About 1928, he married Elisabeth Duif (1901-1971). Together with his wife, he managed the publishing company until her decease.
Verhulst wanted to run a company which published esoteric and philosophic works. The '20's were not suited for such a policy. As a result, the Servire catalogue had a general nature and contained works on various fields such as art, the Dutch East Indies, esotery, history, nature, novels, philosophy and travelling.
Verhulst was a convinced pacifist. In the early '20's, he was one of the first Dutchmen who resisted draft. This resulted in imprisonment. In the years which preceded World War II, he also published idealistic and pacifistic literature and leaflets.
The publication shortly before the invasion by the Germans in the Netherlands of A.M. Meerloo's Homo militans - de psychologie van oorlog, ziekte en vrede in de mens, in which national-socialism was forcefully condemned, resulted in a conflict between Verhulst and the Germans. They forbade him to publish; he once was threatened with death. With the help of others, he could lay hand on paper and managed to publish. As a security measure, his authors and translators often used a pseudonym.
After the war, Verhulst resumed his publishing activities. From 1967, Servire publishers was seated in Wassenaar, adjacent to The Hague, at the Zijdeweg 5a. In 1976, Verhulst ended his work at Servire publishers. In November 1976, he founded an esoteric/philosophical publishing company, named Mirananda, a company which since 2004 carries the name Synthese. The name Mirananda, a contraction of Mira and Ananda, means: beatitude in love, and shines light upon Verhulst's ideas and ideals.
For many years, Servire publishers remained an independent company. In 1981, Felix Erkelens became in charge of the company. Under his management, Servire publishers became entirely devoted to the publishing of esoteric literature. In April 1999, Servire publishers became part of Veen publishers, Utrecht, NL.

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Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Elizabeth McCausland, Nov. 5, 1928.

Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Elizabeth McCausland, Nov. 5, 1928.
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Elizabeth McCausland (1899–1965) was an American art critic, historian and writer.

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Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Isaac Horowitz, 10 July 1928 (2nd page)

Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Isaac Horowitz, 10 July 1928 (2nd page)
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Boston, 10 July 1928 My dear Mr. Horowitz, Thank you […] for sending me a copy of the preface which you have written for your translation of The Prophet. It is indeed beautiful, and it is most generous. […] [I]t is good and refreshing to find you and Henri Bergson agreeing on the most important manifestations of life and self. I am delighted to know that you are interested in that which is deeper than intellect. […] I would suggest […] your sending a copy of the ‘preface’ to my publishers. […] The Knopfs would be interested because they are bringing out my book Jesus [the Son of Man] early in October, and, naturally, they would know all the kindly things said of one of their authors, and they would tell you where to place your extremely understanding piece. Of course you will tell my publishers of your translation, and also of its possible publication abroad. It was most kind of you to send me the photograph of the actors who read The Prophet at Freedom Hill. I know in my heart that each and every one of you visited for an hour the dear city of our deeper desires, the distant city of Orphalese. I am delighted to know that you are coming to settle in New York; and I shall be most happy to know you personally. With kindest regards believe me. Faithfully yours Kahlil Gibran P.S. Mr. Campbell of Alfred A. Knopf may be the most informative. Write to him if you care to do so.

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Isaac Horowitz (July 23, 1893-March 21, 1961) was born in Yefureni, Romania. He lived in Jassy until 1909 and then emigrated to the United States. He worked in a sweatshop and simultaneously studied. From 1912 he was publishing poetry in Fraye arbeter shtime (Free voice of labor), Forverts (Forward), Di vokh (The week), Di feder (The pen), Di tsvayg (The branch), and Kinder-zhurnal (Children’s magazine)—all in New York. He edited: Di fraye muze (The free muse) in 1913, the monthly Der vegetaryer (The vegetarian) in 1916, and Di vegetarishe velt (The vegetarian world) in 1921—all in New York. He contributed to the journal Der naturist un vegetaryer (The naturist and vegetarian) (New York, 1920). In the 1920s he moved to Los Angeles, where he brought out the journal Der mayrev (The West). Among his books: Vegn moyshe nadir, kritishe polemik (On Moyshe Nadir, a critical polemic) (Brooklyn: Aleyn, 1919), 32 pp.; Dos kol fun di shtume (“The voice of the dumb”) (New York: Aleyn, 1920), 95 pp. Concerning vegetarianism: Ven der lerer iz nishto (When there is no teacher) (Vilna: Naye yidishe folkshul, 1928), 16 pp.; Parnose-gever, un ven der lerer iz nishto (The breadwinner, and When there is no teacher), a one-act play (New York, Workmen’s Circle, 1929), 15 pp.; Teg un nekht mit panait istrati (Days and nights with Panait Istrati) (New York, 1940), 172 pp.; Mayn tatns kretshme (My father’s shop) (New York: Matones, 1953), 220 pp. He translated Khalil Gibran’s Der novi (The Prophet) (Warsaw-New York, 1929), 96 pp. He used the pseudonyms: Danilo, Veritas, and A. H-ts. He died in New York.

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Letter of Kahlil Gibran to James Oppenheim (circa 1916)
Letter of Kahlil Gibran to James Oppenheim (circa 1916)
 
Letter to James Oppenheim (1882–1932), author and editor of the short-lived Seven Arts magazine. In full: “This war poem came to the Seven Arts through me. It might interest you to read it. I have been wrestling with an angel and a devil during the past two months. And it is indeed terrible to be between two powers so different. In a week or so I shall leave town for a much needed rest in the country. May I not see you before I go?” 
The Seven Arts was founded with the idealistic goal of transforming American life through the arts, featuring contributors such as Dreiser, Frost, Mencken, and Dos Passos, but folded in 1917 after just one year. In 1916, Gibran was preoccupied with the war in his native Syria, actively soliciting funds and suffering emotional distress at any war news; although he diverted his energy toward writing, the predominant theme from this period was death. In September he left New York to visit his sister on Cape Cod hoping to relieve this building stress, but suffered a nervous breakdown. A remarkable letter from a tumultuous period of Gibran’s life that influenced his writing for years to come.
Letter of Kahlil Gibran to José Mereb, New York, May 16, 1920.
Letter of Kahlil Gibran to José Mereb, New York, May 16, 1920.
 
51 West Tenth Street
Dear friend and fellow countryman Mr. José Mereb, I offer you my cordial greetings.
This beautiful morning, I received your kind letter, including three copies of the book A Tear and a Smile translated into Portuguese.
Great was my joy for your noble act of conveying this moral problem from the region of ideas to the world of reality.
As God is my witness, my contentment is not the effect of a particular disorder, for recognizing that in our Arabic language, thousands of literary works are more deserving than A Tear and a Smile to be translated into another language.
However, I am glad to hear that the awakened sons of my race, after spending so many years in exile, withdrawn wholly to material causes, have begun to exhibit something of our valuable intellectual treasures before the Western people.
The grateful emotion I feel for you is a collective emotion; it is not individual; as an entity, I do not deserve any element of your noble initiative, shaped by delicate and altruistic sentimentality.
As for your decision to translate the book The Broken Wings, it is yet another proof of your spiritual energy and your love of work.
Certainly, it makes my soul very happy, the comforting news of your translation of The Broken Wings as it is more attractive to my heart than other writings of mine, because it represents the painful profile of the oriental woman, who sees herself placed between Divine love and worldly duty.
I had written most of the parts of A Tear and a Smile before I turned twenty springs; they came out pale, wrapped in new ones. The Broken Wings, however, was written many years later; although it is not what I wanted, it is, more like a mature branch than a green one.
Allow me to say another word to you concerning The Broken Wings. Here it is…
I know that the moral problems of our days do not materialize and do not have their effects, if not through money, recognizing, that my moral help is not enough. I therefore want to help this noble initiative with something material; I ask you to inscribe my name with twenty pounds sterling in the list of those who signed up for this worthy act of yours; and I am ready to send you this insignificant amount whenever you want.
The book The Tempests, my last work in Arabic, has just been published by «al-Hilāl» Printing Department in Egypt. But I still have not received the copies they were supposed to send me. As soon as they arrive, I will send you one, hoping you will find something in it that will please and satisfy you.
You told me in one of your previous letters that you had sent me your portrait; however, with great regret, I tell you that I did not receive it: nevertheless, I was happy to see it lithographed in the work A Tear and a Smile. In return, I also offer you mine and ask you to accept it as a proof of my esteem and admiration for you.
If possible, I beg you to gift me with six more copies of A Tear and a Smile, as some friends who know Portuguese here are eager to acquire the work; and, if possible, if you could also send me what is said in the press about the beautiful translation, I would be thrice grateful to you.
Please accept my cordial greetings, filled with esteemed gratitude. And may God keep you for your brother,
Ǧubrān Ḫalīl Ǧubrān
New York, May 16, 1920

 

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Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Juliet Thompson, Boston, December 28, 1915.
Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Juliet Thompson, Boston, December 28, 1915. 
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Dear Juliet, 
I shall be more than glad to know Albert Vail. Your friends are my friends - even those whome [sic] I have not yet known. I wonder how many friends you and I have of whome we know nothing? 
I know that the New Year will bring you blessings - just as well as I know that the heavens will fulfill all the great dreams of your great heart. 
And may the Salam of Allah be with you always. 
Kahlil
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Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Juliet Thompson, New York, December 17, 1919
Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Juliet Thompson, New York, December 17, 1919
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Dear Juliet, 
I was told just now that the Weirs have decided to keep the studio and that their daughter, also a painter, is to occupy it. I wish I could tell you how sorry I am about it. I was so happy in the thought of having you as a neighbour. In the meanwhile I shall be asking everybody about studios - we may be able to find something just as good. 
I know that you have much to say about Washington and I want to hear every word. I, too, have a great deal to tell you about the Near East. One thing I am certain of is this: the great war enhanced human consciousness but not human justice. 
And may God bless you always. 
Ever yours 
Kahlil 
Dec. 17, 
1919
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Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Leah Lewinson, Boston, Oct. 16, 1925

Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Leah Lewinson, Boston, Oct. 16, 1925

Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Lucy Skidmore Scribner, New York, March 25, 1928.

Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Lucy Skidmore Scribner, New York, March 25, 1928.

"March 25 1928.
My dear Mrs. Scribner, I regret very much that I shall not be able to dine with you on Thursday April the Twelfth. Had I not already made another engagement, for that same evening, nothing could have given me a greater pleasure. You are indeed most gracious to ask me and I grateful to you. Cordially yours Kahlil Gibran.”

The recipient, Lucy Skidmore Scribner (1853-1931), was married John Blair Scribner (1850-1879). The couple resided at 21 East 48th Street in New York for their marriage. In 1879, after just 4 years of marriage, Lucy was widowed when her husband died of pneumonia. In 1903, she created “The Young Women’s Industrial Club” in Saratoga Springs, New York, and in 1911, the club was renamed the “Skidmore School of Arts” and chartered as a college to vocationally and professionally train young women. In 1922, the school became a four-year, degree-granting institution for women and was renamed “Skidmore College.”

 

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Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Mable G. Bryan (Augusta, Maine), Sept. 15, 1927
Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Mable G. Bryan (Augusta, Maine), Sept. 15, 1927
 
Boston, Sept. 15, 1927 
My dear Miss Bryan, 
It is so good of you to ask after my health, and I am indeed grateful to you. My health is infinitely better now. Living out of doors has done a great deal for me physically. And besides I have not been allowed to do any work. But I have come to the conclusion, however, that hell is a place where no one is allowed to work. 
I agree with you that some wives are inquisitive, and also some husbands. But I have not the one nor am I the other. So, you see, my life is much simpler than the other person’s life. To be sure, my secretary takes care of my impersonal letters, and he does his work quite well. 
Yes, I am interested in languages, and of course I have always known French. And though I am not a linguist, philology has been, and is now, one of the most interesting subjects to me. I think that the history of words is the history of the human mind. 
I did visit Rocheport more than once, but I did not have the pleasure of meeting your friends there. My memory for names is poor, but not for faces. 
You ask me why I am interested in you and in your letters. As an answer I would say: Why did I write "The Prophet", the little book which you said you like? Is there really a difference between writing a poem and a letter — that is if the writer does not know the difference? 
In a day or two I am going to New Hampshire. Most of the time I shall be alone in the forest. Write to me if you should care to do so. Your letters are always welcome. 
Faithfully yours 
Kahlil Gibran 
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Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Marie Azeez El-Khoury (Boston, undated)
Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Marie Azeez El-Khoury (Boston, undated)
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O Beloved Marie, 
Beginning Sunday and up till this hour, I have been among friends and acquaintances, like a boat in the middle of the sea rolled by the waves and buffeted by winds, I became tired of being honored and flattered and invited, however, I am yearning for the golden corner that is filled with quiet and silence - and now, I stole an hour from my friends and came to a room to be alone and talk to you to revive my spirit with ideas and dreams that swim around my head when I sit alone and think of you. You, Marie, are like the pure morning breeze carrying the fragrance of flowers and breaths of bouquets. So, when I think of you I feel an internal ease as though my spirits have been bathed by waves of this perfumed breeze. 
Christmas has passed but it did not leave in my heart except regret, longing, and sad memories. However, I put on the appearance of happiness and joy before those whom I like and who like me. And I hate putting on appearances, even the kind that makes other people happy. Holidays, Marie, are seasons of happiness for some people but seasons of sadness for many. 
I will return to New York by the end of the week, and were it not for some work I would return tomorrow, but it is life that steers us sometimes through valleys and other times to the top of the mountains. And even though I consider myself to be free, I still am obliged to pay attention to my work and the relationships my work has created with others. 
I long for you, O Marie, with all the yearning of fire. I long for the playing, laughter, and smiles, and for the touch of your hands and your shoulders. And I long for your teasing me!! 
Think about me a little if you are able, and allow me to place a small kiss—a very small kiss—on your tender palm. 
May the heavens keep you 
Gibran 
27 Tyler St. (Boston)
 
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Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Marie Louise Watters (Boston Aug. 28 1927)

Letter of Kahlil Gibran to Marie Louise Watters (Boston Aug. 28 1927)

"Good morning to you, dear Marie Lousie, and many blessings upon you. I have before me now a kindly number of your letters, and I feel quite rich. You see, I went to the country for a while, and while I was there no letters were forwarded to me. Everybody thinks that I must try and get out of the world as though I have never been in it. And they say that I am not well enough to do anything but lie on my back and be still. They are all stupid! I like the little photographs in your last letter very much. They make you seem quite dashing! The hair is infinitely better and, of course, more becoming. No doubt that at the end of October 'your tresses, like molten gold, falling from heaven to the earth,' will [be] a pleasant sight to the gods of this world--and the gods of other worlds. I am glad you still like the drawing. Who knows, I may make a better one next winter! And if I should do so, you would want it- and I will not give it to you- and that's that!!! Always your faithful Kahlil Boston Aug. 28 1927."